Media does not present reality but re-presents it.
Stereotypes are used to enable an audience to instantly identify and understand the meaning of the text.Extreme representation.Usually negative.Evident when there is a power imbalance.
SULLIVAN -
Various powerful interests operate to ensure that particular representations are manifested.
CHOMSKY -
The media serves interests of the state + corporate power.
IDEOLOGY -
Set of beliefs + ideas presented in media texts.DOMINANT IDEOLOGY - Accepted and understood by the majority as part of culture + expectations.
HEGEMONY -
GRAMSCI -
Hegemony as the way in which those in power maintain their control.Accepted hegemony is that police are always right.
ALTHUSSER -
Ideology is a force in it's own right.reinforces common sense via assumptions,attitudes and expectations.
WOMEN IN FILM -
Women are shown to be active or passive.
LAURA MULVEY -
Influenced by freud.
Women are 'tobelookedatness' - objectified.
object of desire
erotic pleasure of the male viewer
male gaze
madonnas or whores - sexualised + respectable
MOLLY HASKELL
3 Types of women
EXTRAORDINARY -
Strong,powerful figures - Hepburn
ORDINARY -
Common,passive -often the victimoften in soap operas
ORDINARY TO BECAME EXTRAORDINARY -
Rise and endure.
Concerned with domestic + romanticized
Narrative themes women are involved in.
Sacrifice
Affliction - secret
choice - decision
competition
ALLAN ROWE -
Making sense of what is seen + anticipating the answers.
ROLAND BARTHES -
Texts can open or closed - one single meaning or many different.Process is called narrative codes.
Answers + questions to intergrate the viewer.Symbols + signs - semiotics.
TODOROV'S -
All narratives follow a 3 part structure.EQUALIBRILUM,DISEQUALIBRILUM,NEW EQUALIBRILUM
Introduce characters + settings.
VLADIMIR PROPP -
Only a certain number of characters
HERO - LIAM
HEROINE - NICOLE
MENTOR - HOMELESS MEN
VILLAIN - JENNI
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